PITTSBURGH – A Pennsylvania state senator facing defamation allegations from an energy company president has appealed a judge’s denial of her preliminary objections to the Commonwealth Court.
David N. Hommrich of Pittsburgh filed suit in the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas on Oct. 27 versus Sen. Lisa M. Boscola, a member of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, of Harrisburg and Bethlehem. Hommrich claims the senator’s use of his last name to describe the practice of not limiting net energy metering in a memorandum for her proposed legislation has harmed his professional reputation.
“Plaintiff Hommrich is a pioneer in the development and production of solar energy within the Commonwealth, and his company has worked to further develop the use of solar energy as a sustainable and environmentally prudent alternative energy resource in Pennsylvania. Plaintiff’s company is a legally compliant, qualified customer-generator that participates in a net-metering program – a program through which utility companies purchase excess (or ‘net’) solar energy produced by the company at retail value and use such surplus as an alternative energy source for electricity,” the suit stated.
“Plaintiff was a successful party in the 2021 Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruling that affirmed the Commonwealth Court’s holding that the Public Utility Commission exceeded the scope of its regulatory authority, by issuing regulations which limited the eligibility of otherwise qualified participants in a net-metering program, and such restrictions were in direct contradiction with the plain meaning and purpose of the Alternative Energy Portfolio Standards Act. Per the Court’s ruling in Hommrich, ‘The PUC’s definitions restrict the field of qualifying participants [in the net-metering program] and, in the process curtail the development of alternative renewable energy in the Commonwealth.”
The suit continues the Hommrich decision “contained no mention of any ambiguity or inconsistency within the AEPS Act, no allusion or implication that the Court’s ruling regarding the Act thus created a ‘loophole,’ enabled exploitation of the law, or other similar verbiage; rather, the Court deemed the plain meaning of the terms defined within the Act were unequivocal, and the PUC’s modified definitions constituted a violation of its regulatory authority under the Act.”
“On Oct. 3, 2023, at 3:18 p.m., defendant published a memorandum to all Senate members titled, ‘Renewable Energy & Warehouse Solar Procurement Act.’ The memorandum provides that defendant intends to introduce legislation to address perceived gaps in the AEPS Act ‘upon the recommendation of the Public Utility Commission,’ thus closing the ‘Hommrich Loophole by limiting net metering to customer-generator systems designed to generate no more than 110% of the customer-generators’ requirements for electricity. Defendant’s memorandum pairs plaintiff’s name with the term ‘loophole,’ a term which is widely recognized to refer to an ambiguity in the law which an individual or corporation has exploited for gain,” the suit said.
“The text of the memorandum which reads ‘Hommrich Loophole’ contains a hyperlink to the Hommrich decision…thus implying that plaintiff exploits or misuses an ambiguity within the AEPS Act for improper gain. Since defendant’s knowingly false publication of the memorandum, plaintiff has been notified by numerous individuals who do not serve in the Senate of the existence of such memorandum and its defamatory reference to plaintiff and his company. Such individuals include those with whom plaintiff maintains ongoing business relationships.”
In response to the memorandum, the plaintiff said he both sent a cease-and-desist letter to the defendant to remove the “Hommrich Loophole” phrase from the document and to refrain from making further reference to the plaintiff and his company, attempted to call the defendant at her offices and sent her a final failure to comply notice – all three moves went unanswered, he added.
“Unless halted by the Court, defendant’s knowingly false defamatory use of the phrase ‘Hommrich Loophole’ and refusal to remove such language and reference has caused, is causing, and will continue to cause measurable and immeasurable business and reputational injury to plaintiff and his company which cannot be compensated solely by pecuniary relief. Defendant is not entitled to falsely associate plaintiff and his company with her anticipated legislation, nor to name the aims of such legislation after plaintiff – particularly when such aims are portrayed in a negative and harmful light,” the suit stated.
“By use of the phrase ‘Hommrich Loophole,’ defendant has improperly ascribed conduct and characteristics to plaintiff and his company which adversely affect his fitness for the proper conduct of his lawful business and profession.”
Though the plaintiff had requested a preliminary and permanent injunction against Boscola and her office, that request was denied by Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas Judge Alan D. Hertzberg on Nov. 1.
On Nov. 16, Sen. Boscola filed preliminary objections arguing that Hommrich’s defamation suit failed for three reasons: 1) Her conduct is privileged under the Speech and Debate Clause in the Pennsylvania Constitution; 2) Her conduct is protected by Pennsylvania’s sovereign immunity; and 3) Plaintiff has failed to plead elements of a defamation claim.
“Article II, Section 15 of the Pennsylvania Constitution states: ‘The members of the General Assembly…for any speech or debate in either House…shall not be questioned in any other place.” Pennsylvania courts have long recognized that this immunity is coextensive with the federal speech and debate immunity. This ‘immunity of the legislators must be absolute as to their actions within the ‘legitimate legislative sphere.’ To accomplish this, we must not only insulate the legislator against the results of litigation brought against him for acts in the discharge of responsibilities of his office, but also relieve him of the responsibility of defending against such claims,” per the objections.
“The ‘legitimate legislative sphere’ extends beyond the Senate floor to ‘fact-finding, information gathering and investigative activities,’ and activities that are ‘essential prerequisites to the drafting of bills and the enlightened debate over proposed legislation. The publication of a legislative memorandum in advance of the circulation of a bill to fellow legislators falls completely within the ‘legitimate legislative sphere.’ Sen. Boscola, therefore, has absolute immunity from suit with respect to both her legislative memorandum and her upcoming legislation. Plaintiff has failed to state a claim due to the operation of the Speech and Debate Clause.”
As an elected state senator, the objections said Sen. Boscola is an official of the Commonwealth entitled to the protections of sovereign immunity, whose only exceptions are vehicle accidents, railway accidents, boating accidents, aviation accidents, medical malpractice, care, custody and control of personal property, premises liability and dangerous conditions on property, potholes and other dangers on highways, care, custody and control of animals, liquor sales, certain National Guard activities, toxoids and vaccines (in certain circumstances) and sexual abuse – none of which, Sen. Boscola said, apply to her legislation.
“Plaintiff has failed to state a claim because he has not pleaded facts sufficient to show that Sen. Boscola’s use of the term ‘Hommrich Loophole’ in her legislative memorandum was defamatory. In order to make out a claim for defamation, a plaintiff must plead: (1) The defamatory character of the communication; (2) Its publication by the defendant; (3) Its application to the plaintiff; (4) The understanding by the recipient of its defamatory meaning; (5) The understanding by the recipient of it as intended to be applied to the plaintiff; (6) Special harm resulting to the plaintiff resulting from its publication; and (7) Abuse of a conditionally-privileged occasion,” the objections added.
“Plaintiff’s complaint fails to plead several of these elements. The complaint does not plead facts sufficient to show that the use of the term ‘Hommrich Loophole’ is defamatory, and instead simply implies that the term ‘loophole’ is always negative. Similarly, the complaint does not plead facts sufficient to show that the phrase ‘Hommrich Loophole’ applied to Mr. Hommrich himself, rather than the Commonwealth Court case bearing his name. Mr. Hommrich chose to bring litigation against the PUC, and it is customary to refer to judicial decisions by the names contained within the case captions.”
Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas Judge John T. McVay Jr. overruled Boscola’s preliminary objections on Jan. 16.
“Upon consideration of defendant’s preliminary objections, the Court finds that the preliminary objections are overruled at this time, as I am not free and clear from doubt that the memo is privileged under the Pennsylvania Constitution’s Speech and Debate Clause or protected by sovereign immunity and further discovery may reveal that summary judgment is warranted. I am sustaining with leave to amend the third preliminary objection for failure to plead elements of defamation,” McVay said.
UPDATE
Four weeks later, on Feb. 14, Boscola appealed McVay’s ruling on her preliminary objections to the Commonwealth Court.
“Notice is given that Senator Lisa M. Boscola hereby appeals to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania, from the Order of Court entered in this matter on Jan. 16, 2024. This order has been entered on the docket as evidenced by the attached copy of the docket entries. Petitioner, having made the necessary deposit, hereby requests that the official court reporter produce, certify and file the transcripts, if any, in this matter in conformity with Rule 1922 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure as necessary for the purpose of appeal to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania,” the senator’s appeal notice stated.
For counts of defamation and defamation per se, the plaintiff is seeking the following relief:
• The immediate removal of the phrase “Hommrich Loophole” from defendant’s memorandum and any other publication within defendant’s custody or control;
• All damages as permitted by statute, including punitive damages as allowed by law, actual and incidental damages, and reasonable attorney’s fees and costs associated in bringing and prosecuting this action;
• Such other relief as this Honorable Court should deem just and proper under the circumstances.
The plaintiff is represented by Emily E. Mahler and Kaine E. Spitak of Margolis Edelstein, in Pittsburgh.
The defendant is represented by Clifford B. Levine and Cameron N. Roeback of Dentons Cohen & Grigsby, also in Pittsburgh.
Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas case GD-23-012484
From the Pennsylvania Record: Reach Courts Reporter Nicholas Malfitano at nick.malfitano@therecordinc.com